Estudo das preposições inglesas (com exercícios)
Estou iniciando, a partir de hoje, a publicação de um estudo pormenorizado de todas as preposições inglesas e seus derivados. É um valiosíssimo reforço para os alunos de nível intermediárioo da língua inglesa que desejam enriquecer seus conhecimentos e aplicar melhor e mais corretamente as preposições. O estudo, em ordem alfabética e com exemplos, vem acompanhado de exercícios, trazendo as respostas na postagem subsequente.
PARTE I
ABOUT – ABOVE – ACROSS – AFTER – AGAINST – AHEAD OF – ALONG – ALONGSIDE – AMONG – APART FROM – AROUND – AS – AS FOR – AS TO – AT – AWAY FROM
Lição 1 - ABOUT; ABOVE e ACROSS
LABOUT – Como preposição, pode indicar: Duração, proximidade, posição, movimento, etc.
1 – Hora aproximada.
Ex: a) Let’s meet about 6:30 at the bus stop.
b) I get up about 6 o’clock every day.
2 – Duração aproximada.
Ex.: a) Why don’t you stay with us? This meeting will last about fifteen minutes.
b) She arrived in this country about two months ago and doesn’t know our language.
3 – Posição aproximada.
Ex.: a) Don’t leave empty bottles lying about the park.´
b) Where is my cell phone? I’m sure I left it about my bedroom somewhere.
4 – Aqui e acolá.
Ex: a) She’s sad and spends the morning wandering about the hall.
b) I’ve been walking about these streets all morning trying to find my son.
5 – Em relação a um assunto particular.
Ex.: a) Don’t talk about politics, it’s really boring.
b) He wrote a book about butterflies.
6 – Indicando movimento circular.
Ex.: a) The birds were flying about the roof.
b) We spent the morning watching the French squadron parading about our military base.
ABOVE – Dá noção de posição na parte superior, porém excluindo o contato físico.
1 – Sobre, acima de.
Ex.: a) The plane was above the clouds.
b) She’s rented a room above a police station.
2 – De classe superior ou maior que alguém ou algo em importância.
Ex.: a) A colonel is above a major.
b) She’s so smug that she thinks she’s above everyone else.
3 – Acima, no sentido abstrato (de não se comparar a algo ou alguém).
Ex.: a) Don’t be a fool. You should be above such poor nonsenses.
b) I guess Liz is the one reliable here. She’s above any reproach.
ACROSS – Através, de lado a lado, no outro lado.
1 – De um lado ao outro (geralmente na superfície).
Ex.: a) Can you swim across the river to the other side?
b) The lion escaped from the cage and ran across the open field.
2 – Posição relativa e delimitada.
Ex.: a)“Is our house near the post office?” “Yes, it’s across the main street.”
b) If you look across the lake, you’ll see my house.
EXERCÍCIOS
1 – Preencha os espaços com a preposição adequada.
a)Let’s have a break an eat something. How about that fast food restaurant just _________ the street?
b)In the apartment _____________ mine lives a sweet old lady.
c)The cat was very smart and quickly ran ______________ the yard to catch the mouse on the other side.
d)She’s impatiently walking ______________ the station, waiting for the next train, which is very late.
e)I don’t care what they say. I’m _____________ such small talks.
f)Luckily the bank was quite empty. It took me only ____________ 15 minutes to deposit your money.
g)Henry is very upset with his schoolmates. Henry says they’re boring and never talk _____________ relevant matters.
h)The flight commandant was not allowed to land.
The weather was foggy and he couldn’t see _____________ the runway.
i)Much of what is known ___________ the Mayan today has been deciphered from their hieroglyphic writing.
j)Rio Niterói bridge was built more than 20 years ago ___________ Guanabara bay.
2 – Reescreva as frases abaixo, aplicando as preposições que se pede.
a)The class will finish five minutes after 9:00 pm
(ABOUT).
_____________________________________________.
b)In the military rank a captain has more power than a sergeant (ABOVE).
______________________________________________.
c)The wife complains everytime the husband leaves his clothes here and there in the bedroom (ABOUT).
______________________________________________.
d)After robbing the old lady, the thief disappeared by running on the street to the other side. (ACROSS).
______________________________________________.
e)Why don’t you forget her? She’s so mean and you’re worth more than her hypocrisy (ABOVE).
______________________________________________.
f ) Our street became a lake after the flood and we could swim from one side to the other ( ACROSS ).
______________________________________________.
3 – Escolha agora as frases que melhor complementam o diálogo abaixo. Siga o exemplo.
TINA: You’re so quite, Alex: What happened?
ALEX: I was thinking __________________________________________________.
TINA: I saw you walking alone ___________________________________________.
ALEX: Not much, I couldn’t get to sleep.
TINA: why didn’t you come up for a chat? _____________________________________.
ALEX: I didn’t want to bother you.
TINA: Or you could have knocked at Jason’s door, ____________________________.
ALEX: I’m sure he was sleeping, __________________________________________.
TINA: What was wrong with you, after all?
ALEX: _____________________________. I’m very sleepy now.
I was just above you.
I looked across the window and it was in the dark.
Can we talk about this tomorrow?
About last night
About the school court, were you ok?
He sleeps in front of you just across the hall.