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List of space travelers by nationality

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of September 2019.

The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The FAI defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres (62 mi). In the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 80 kilometres (50 mi) are awarded astronaut wings. The majority of people who have flown into space have done so by entering Earth orbit. This list includes persons meeting all three criteria, in separate subdivisions.

The flags indicate the space traveler's nationality at the time of their flight or flights. In cases of dual citizenship, the space traveler is listed under their primary residence. A secondary list appended to the entry for the Soviet Union shows the birth countries of space travelers not born in Russia. A similar list after the entry for the United States shows the birth countries of space travelers who are or were citizens of the U.S. but were born elsewhere. Flags shown in the secondary lists are those in use at the time of the space travelers' birth.

Names in italic are space travelers who are not part of any national astronaut program or astronaut corps (Toyohiro Akiyama, Helen Sharman, the Space Adventures customers and the sub-orbital SpaceShipOne and Blue Origin pilots).

Statistics

As of May 2022, people from 44 countries have traveled in space.[1] 622 people have reached Earth orbit. 628 have reached the altitude of space according to the FAI definition of the boundary of space, and 565 people have reached the altitude of space according to the American definition. 24 people have traveled beyond low Earth orbit and either circled, orbited, or walked on the Moon.

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2022)

Of the 44 countries whose citizens have traveled into Earth orbit, 25 have flown a single space traveler, and four others (Belgium, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) have flown two each. 94% of all space travelers have been contributed by the following eight nations:

Men (blue) and women (red) in space by nationality (percentage of all)

United States

339 (60.75%; ♀️55)

Russia1

121 (21.68%; ♀️4)

China

18 (2.86%; ♀️2)

Japan

12 (2.15%; ♀️2)

Germany2,3

11 (1.97%; ♀️0)

France2

10 (1.79%; ♀️1)

Canada

9 (1.61%; ♀️2)

Italy2

7 (1.25%; ♀️1)

- Other countries

33 (5.91%; ♀️3)

1 Includes 72 Soviet cosmonauts and 49 Russian cosmonauts.

2 Includes both national space programme activity and European Space Agency participation.

3 Includes astronauts from the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic.

Suborbital space fliers

Australia

The following person flew or was launched into the upper atmosphere, above 100 kilometres (62 mi), which counts as a space flight by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale guidelines:

Chris Boshuizen — Blue Origin NS-18 (2021)

Brazil

The following person flew or was launched into the upper atmosphere, above 100 kilometres (62 mi), which counts as a space flight by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale guidelines:

Victor Correa Hespanha — Blue Origin NS-21 (2022)

Canada

The following person flew or was launched into the upper atmosphere, above 100 kilometres (62 mi), which counts as a space flight by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale guidelines:

William Shatner — Blue Origin NS-18, oldest person in space (2021)

Egypt

The following Egyptians flew or was launched into the upper atmosphere, above 100 kilometres (62 mi), which counts as a space flight by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale guidelines:

Sara Sabry — Blue Origin NS-22 (2022)

Portugal

The following person flew or was launched into the upper atmosphere, above 100 kilometres (62 mi), which counts as a space flight by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale guidelines:

Mário Ferreira — Blue Origin NS-22 (2022)

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

The Soviet Union never launched a spaceflight intended as suborbital. The following persons were launched aboard Soyuz 7K-T No.39 (also Soyuz 18a), intended as orbital, but which was forced to abort before reaching orbit, after reaching suborbital space.[2]

Vasily Lazarev (1928–1990) — Soyuz 18a (1975); also orbited aboard Soyuz 12 (1973)

Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov (1933–2003) — Soyuz 18a (1975); also orbited aboard Soyuz 12 (1973), Soyuz 27 (1978), Soyuz 26 (1978) and Soyuz T-3 (1980)

United States

The following persons flew or were launched into the upper atmosphere, above 100 kilometres (62 mi), which counts as a space flight by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale guidelines:

Alan Shepard, first American in space — Mercury-Redstone 3 (1961); also orbited and flew to the Moon aboard Apollo 14 (1971)

Joseph A. Walker, USAF X-15 astronaut — X-15 Flight 90 (1963) and X-15 Flight 91 (1963)

Gus Grissom — Mercury-Redstone 4 (1961); also orbited aboard Gemini 3 (1965)

Mike Melvill — SpaceShipOne flight 15P (2004), SpaceShipOne flight 16P (2004).

Brian Binnie — SpaceShipOne flight 17P (2004)

Jeff Bezos — Blue Origin NS-16 (2021)

Mark Bezos — Blue Origin NS-16 (2021)

Wally Funk — Blue Origin NS-16 (2021)

Audrey Powers — Blue Origin NS-18 (2021)

Glen de Vries — Blue Origin NS-18 (2021)

Laura Shepard Churchley — Blue Origin NS-19 (2021)

Michael Strahan — Blue Origin NS-19 (2021)

Dylan Taylor — Blue Origin NS-19 (2021)

Evan Dick — Blue Origin NS-19 (2021), Blue Origin NS-21 (2022)

Lane Bess — Blue Origin NS-19 (2021)

Cameron Bess — Blue Origin NS-19 (2021)

Marty Allen — Blue Origin NS-20 (2022)

Sharon Hagle — Blue Origin NS-20 (2022)

Marc Hagle — Blue Origin NS-20 (2022)

Jim Kitchen — Blue Origin NS-20 (2022)

George Nield — Blue Origin NS-20 (2022)

Gary Lai — Blue Origin NS-20 (2022)

Victor Vescovo — Blue Origin NS-21 (2022)

Jaison Robinson — Blue Origin NS-21 (2022)

Katya Echazarreta — Blue Origin NS-21 (2022)

Coby Cotton — Blue Origin NS-22 (2022)

Clint Kelly III — Blue Origin NS-22 (2022)

Steve Young — Blue Origin NS-22 (2022)

The following persons flew into the upper atmosphere between 80 and 100 kilometres (50 and 62 mi), which counts as space flight by United States guidelines:

Robert Michael White — X-15 Flight 62 (1962)

Joseph A. Walker — X-15 Flight 77 (1963); also flew above 100 km

Robert A. Rushworth — X-15 Flight 87 (1963)

Michael J. Adams — X-15 Flight 3-65-97 (1963)

Joe Engle — X-15 Flights 138 (1965), 143 (1965), and 153 (1965); also orbited

John B. McKay — X-15 Flight 150 (1965)

William H. Dana — X-15 Flights 174 (1966) and 197 (1968)

William J. Knight — X-15 Flight 190 (1967)

Mark P. Stucky — VSS Unity VP-03 (2018)

Frederick W. Sturckow — VSS Unity VP-03 (2018), VSS Unity 21 (2021); also orbited

Michael Masucci — VSS Unity VF-01 (2019), Virgin Galactic Unity 22 (2021)

Beth Moses — VSS Unity VF-01 (2019), Virgin Galactic Unity 22 (2021)

Sirisha Bandla — Virgin Galactic Unity 22 (2021)

Christopher Huie — Virgin Galactic Unity 25 (2023)

Jamila Gilbert — Virgin Galactic Unity 25 (2023)

Luke Mays — Virgin Galactic Unity 25 (2023)

The Netherlands

The following person flew or was launched into the upper atmosphere, above 100 kilometres (62 mi), which counts as a space flight by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale guidelines:

Oliver Daemen — Blue Origin NS-16 (2021)

United Kingdom

The following persons flew or was launched into the upper atmosphere, above 100 kilometres (62 mi), which counts as a space flight by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale guidelines:

Hamish Harding — Blue Origin NS-21 (2022)

Vanessa O'Brien — Blue Origin NS-22 (2022)

The following persons flew into the upper atmosphere between 80 and 100 kilometres (50 and 62 mi), which counts as space flight by United States guidelines:

David Mackay — VSS Unity VF-01 (2019), VSS Unity 21 (2021), Virgin Galactic Unity 22 (2021)

Richard Branson — Virgin Galactic Unity 22 (2021)

Colin Bennett — Virgin Galactic Unity 22 (2021)

Additionally, Hamish Harding is a dual national British and UAE and Vanessa O'Brien is a dual national American and British. Both chose to fly the British flag on their respective Blue Origin flights.[3]

Orbital space travelers

Afghanistan

Abdul Ahad Mohmand (Intercosmos), first Afghan in space — Soyuz TM-6/5 (1988)

Australia

Andy Thomas - STS-77 (1996)

Paul Desmond Scully-Power, first Australian in space -STS-41-G (1984)

Brazil

Marcos Pontes, first Brazilian in space, first lusophone in space, first professional astronaut officially representing a Southern Hemisphere country in space. — Soyuz TMA-8/Missão Centenário (2006)

Bulgaria

Georgi Ivanov (Intercosmos), first Bulgarian in space. — Soyuz 33 (1979)

Aleksandar Panayotov Aleksandrov (Intercosmos) — Soyuz TM-5/4 (1988)

Canada

Marc Garneau, first Canadian in space — STS-41-G (1984), STS-77 (1996), STS-97 (2000)

Roberta Bondar♀, first Canadian woman in space — STS-42 (1992)

Steven MacLean — STS-52 (1992), STS-115 (2006)

Chris Hadfield, first Canadian to walk in space — STS-74 (1995), STS-100 (2001), Soyuz TMA-07M (2012)

Robert Thirsk — STS-78 (1996), Soyuz TMA-15 (2009)

Bjarni Tryggvason, born in Iceland — STS-85 (1997)

Julie Payette♀ — STS-96 (1999), STS-127 (2009)

Dafydd Williams — STS-90 (1998), STS-118 (2007)

Guy Laliberté, space tourist — Soyuz TMA-16/14 (2009)

David Saint-Jacques – Soyuz MS-11 (2018)

Mark Pathy, Axiom Mission 1 (2022)

China

See also: List of Japanese astronauts

Toyohiro Akiyama, first Japanese person in space, the first journalist in space, and the first civilian on a commercial space flight. — Soyuz TM-11/10 (1990)

Chiaki Mukai♀, first Japanese woman in space. — STS-65 (1994), STS-95 (1998)

Koichi Wakata — STS-72 (1996), STS-92 (2000), STS-119/127 (2009), Soyuz TMA-11M (2013), SpaceX Crew-5 (2022)

Takao Doi, first Japanese man to walk in space. — STS-87 (1997), STS-123 (2008)

Mamoru Mohri — STS-47 (1992), STS-99 (2000)

Soichi Noguchi — STS-114 (2005), Soyuz TMA-17 (2009), SpaceX Crew-1 (2020)

Akihiko Hoshide — STS-124 (2008), Soyuz TMA-05M (2012), SpaceX Crew-2 (2021)

Naoko Yamazaki♀ — STS-131 (2010)

Satoshi Furukawa — Soyuz TMA-01M (2011)

Kimiya Yui — Soyuz TMA-17M (2015)

Takuya Onishi — Soyuz MS-01 (2016)

Norishige Kanai — Soyuz MS-07 (2017)

Yusaku Maezawa — Soyuz MS-20 (2021)

Yozo Hirano — Soyuz MS-20 (2021)

Kazakhstan

Aidyn Aimbetov — Soyuz TMA-18M/16M (2015)

Note: Kazakh cosmonauts Toktar Aubakirov and Talgat Musabayev flew under the Soviet and Russian flags.

Malaysia

Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, first Malaysian in space — Soyuz TMA-11/10 (2007)

Mexico

Rodolfo Neri Vela, first Mexican in space. — STS-61-B (1985)

Mongolia

Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa (Intercosmos), first Mongolian in space. — Soyuz 39 (1981)

Poland

Mirosław Hermaszewski, first Pole in space. — Soyuz 30 (1978)

Russia and the Soviet Union

Main article: Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps

The Soviet space program came under the control of the Russian Federation in December 1991; the new program, now called the Russian Federal Space Agency, retained continuity of equipment and personnel with the Soviet program. While all Soviet and RKA cosmonauts were born within the borders of the U.S.S.R., many were born outside the boundaries of Russia, and may be claimed by other Soviet successor states as nationals of those states. These cosmonauts are marked with an asterisk * and their place of birth is shown in an appended list. All, however, claimed Soviet or Russian citizenship at the time of their space flights.

Viktor Mikhaylovich Afanasyev — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-11 (1990), Russia Soyuz TM-18 (1994), Soyuz TM-29 (1999), Soyuz TM-33/32 (2001)

Vladimir Aksyonov — Soviet Union Soyuz 22 (1976), Soyuz T-2 (1980)

Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov — Soviet Union Soyuz T-9 (1983), Soyuz TM-3 (1987)

Oleg Artemyev* — Russia Soyuz TMA-12M, Soyuz MS-08, Soyuz MS-21

Anatoly Artsebarsky* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-12 (1991)

Yuri Artyukhin (1930–1998) — Soviet Union Soyuz 14 (1974)

Oleg Atkov — Soviet Union Soyuz T-10/11 (1984)

Toktar Aubakirov* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-13/12 (1991)

Sergei Avdeyev — Russia Soyuz TM-15 (1992), Soyuz TM-22 (1995)

Aleksandr Balandin — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-9 (1990)

Yuri Baturin, first Russian politician in space. — Russia Soyuz TM-28/27 (1998), Soyuz TM-32/31 (2001)

Pavel Belyayev (1925–1970) — Soviet Union Voskhod 2 (1965)

Georgi Beregovoi* (1921–1995) — Soviet Union Soyuz 3 (1968)

Anatoly Berezovoy (1942–2014) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-5/7 (1982)

Andrei Borisenko — Russia Soyuz TMA-21 (2011), Soyuz MS-02 (2016)

Nikolai Budarin — Russia STS-71/Soyuz TM-21 (1995), Soyuz TM-27 (1998), STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1 (2002)

Valery Bykovsky — Soviet Union Vostok 5 (1963), Soyuz 22 (1976), Soyuz 31/29 (1978)

Vladimir N. Dezhurov — Russia Soyuz TM-21/STS-71 (1995)

Georgi Dobrovolski* (1928–1971), died on reentry. — Soviet Union Soyuz 11 (1971)

Pyotr Dubrov — Russia Soyuz MS-18/Soyuz MS-19 (2021–22)

Lev Dyomin (1926–1998) — Soviet Union Soyuz 15 (1974)

Vladimir Dzhanibekov* — Soviet Union Soyuz 27/26 (1978), Soyuz 39 (1981), Soyuz T-6 (1982), Soyuz T-12 (1984), Soyuz T-13 (1985)

Andrey Fedyaev — Russia SpaceX Crew-6 (2023)

Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009) — Soviet Union Voskhod 1 (1964)

Anatoly Filipchenko — Soviet Union Soyuz 7 (1969), Soyuz 16 (1974)

Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968), first person in space. — Soviet Union Vostok 1 (1961)

Yuri Gidzenko* — Russia Soyuz TM-22 (1995), Soyuz TM-31/STS-102 (2001), Soyuz TM-34/Soyuz TM-33 (2002)

Yuri Glazkov (1939–2008) — Soviet Union Soyuz 24 (1977)

Viktor Gorbatko — Soviet Union Soyuz 7 (1969), Soyuz 24 (1977), Soyuz 37/36 (1980)

Georgi Grechko — Soviet Union Soyuz 17 (1975), Soyuz 26/27 (1977), Soyuz T-14/13 (1985)

Aleksei Gubarev — Soviet Union Soyuz 17 (1975), Soyuz 28 (1978)

Aleksandr Ivanchenkov — Soviet Union Soyuz 29/31 (1978)

Anatoli Ivanishin — Russia Soyuz TMA-22 (2011), Soyuz MS-01 (2016)

Aleksandr Kaleri* — Russia Soyuz TM-14 (1992), Soyuz TM-24 (1996), Soyuz TM-30 (2000), Soyuz TMA-3 (2003), Soyuz TMA-01M (2010)

Yevgeny Khrunov (1933–2000) — Soviet Union Soyuz 5/4 (1969)

Russia Anna Kikina♀ — SpaceX Crew-5 (2022)

Leonid Kizim* (1941–2010) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-3 (1980), Soyuz T-10/11 (1984), Soyuz T-15 (1986)

Pyotr Klimuk* — Soviet Union Soyuz 13 (1973), Soyuz 18 (1975), Soyuz 30 (1978)

Vladimir Komarov (1927–1967), died during reentry of first Soyuz spacecraft. — Soviet Union Voskhod 1 (1964), Soyuz 1 (1967)

Yelena V. Kondakova♀ — Russia Soyuz TM-20 (1994), STS-84 (1997)

Dmitri Kondratyev — Russia Soyuz TMA-20 (2010)

Oleg Kononenko* — Russia Soyuz TMA-12 (2008), Soyuz TMA-03M (2011), Soyuz TMA-17M (2015)

Mikhail Korniyenko — Russia Soyuz TMA-18 (2010), Soyuz TMA-16M (2015)

Sergey Korsakov* — Russia Soyuz MS-21 (2022)

Valery Korzun — Russia Soyuz TM-24 (1996), STS-111/113 (2002)

Oleg Kotov* — Russia Soyuz TMA-10 (2007), Soyuz TMA-17 (2009), Soyuz TMA-10M (2013)

Vladimir Kovalyonok* — Soviet Union Soyuz 25 (1977), Soyuz 29/31 (1978), Soyuz T-4 (1981)

Konstantin Kozeyev — Russia Soyuz TM-33/32 (2001)

Sergei Krikalev, six space flights and, as of 2006, holds record for longest total time in space: 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes. — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-7 (1988), Soviet UnionRussiaSoyuz TM-12/13 (1991), Russia STS-60 (1994), STS-88 (1998), Soyuz TM-31/STS-102 (2000), Soyuz TMA-6 (2005)

Sergey Kud-Sverchkov — Russia Soyuz MS-16 (2020)

Valeri Kubasov — Soviet Union Soyuz 6 (1969), Soyuz 19 (1975), Soyuz 36/35 (1980)

Aleksandr Laveykin — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-2 (1987)

Vasili Lazarev (1928–1990) — Soviet Union Soyuz 12 (1973), Soyuz 18a (1975)

Aleksandr Lazutkin — Russia Soyuz TM-25 (1997)

Valentin Lebedev — Soviet Union Soyuz 13 (1973), Soyuz T-5/7 (1982)

Alexsei Leonov, first person to "walk in space" (to make an EVA). — Soviet Union Voskhod 2 (1965), Soyuz 19 (1975)

Anatoli Levchenko* (1941–1988) — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-4/3 (1987)

Yuri Lonchakov* — Russia STS-100 (2001), Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34 (2002), Soyuz TMA-13 (2008)

Vladimir Lyakhov* — Soviet Union Soyuz 32/34 (1979), Soyuz T-9 (1983), Soyuz TM-6/5 (1988)

Oleg Makarov (1933–2003) — Soviet Union Soyuz 12 (1973), Soyuz 18a (1975), Soyuz 27/26 (1978), Soyuz T-3 (1980)

Yuri Malenchenko* — Russia Soyuz TM-19 (1994), STS-106 (2000), Soyuz TMA-1 (2003), Soyuz TMA-11 (2007), Soyuz TMA-05M (2012), Soyuz TMA-19M (2015)

Yury Malyshev (1941–1999) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-2 (1980), Soyuz T-11/10 (1984)

Gennadi Manakov — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-10 (1990), Russia Soyuz TM-16 (1993)

Musa Manarov* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-4/6 (1987), Soyuz TM-11 (1990)

Denis Matveev — Russia Soyuz MS-21 (2022)

Alexander Misurkin — Russia Soyuz TMA-08M (2013), Soyuz MS-06 (2017), Soyuz MS-20 (2021)

Boris Morukov (1950–2015) — Russia STS-106 (2000)

Talgat Musabayev* — Russia Soyuz TM-19 (1994), Soyuz TM-27 (1998), Soyuz TM-32/31 (2001)

Andriyan Nikolayev (1929–2004), first astronaut of Chuvash descent — Soviet Union Vostok 3 (1962), Soyuz 9 (1970)

Oleg Novitski* — Russia Soyuz TMA-06M (2012), Soyuz MS-03 (2016), Soyuz MS-18 (2021)

Yuri Onufrienko* — Russia Soyuz TM-23 (1996), STS-108/111 (2001)

Aleksei Ovchinin — Russia Soyuz TMA-20M (2016)

Gennady Padalka — Russia Soyuz TM-28 (1998), Soyuz TMA-4 (2004), Soyuz TMA-14 (2009), Soyuz TMA-04M (2012), Soyuz TMA-16M (2015)

Viktor Patsayev* (1933–1971), died in reentry. — Soviet Union Soyuz 11 (1971)

Yulia Peresild — Russia Soyuz MS-19 (2021)

Russia Dmitry Petelin — Soyuz MS-22 (2022)

Aleksandr Poleshchuk — Russia Soyuz TM-16 (1993)

Valeri Polyakov, holds record for single longest spaceflight, 437 days — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-6/7 (1988), Russia Soyuz TM-18/20 (1994)

Leonid Popov* — Soviet Union Soyuz 35/37 (1980), Soyuz 40 (1981), Soyuz T-7/5 (1982)

Pavel Popovich* (1930–2009) — Soviet Union Vostok 4 (1962), Soyuz 14 (1974)

Sergey Prokopyev — Russia Soyuz MS-09 (2018), Soyuz MS-22 (2022)

Sergei Revin — Russia Soyuz TMA-04M (2012)

Roman Romanenko — Russia Soyuz TMA-15 (2009), Soyuz TMA-07M (2012)

Yuri Romanenko — Soviet Union Soyuz 26/27 (1977), Soyuz 38 (1980), Soyuz TM-2/3 (1987)

Valery Rozhdestvensky — Soviet Union Soyuz 23 (1976)

Nikolai Rukavishnikov (1932–2002) — Soviet Union Soyuz 10 (1971), Soyuz 16 (1974), Soyuz 33 (1979)

Sergei Ryazanski — Russia Soyuz TMA-10M (2013), Soyuz MS-05 (2017)

Valery Ryumin — Soviet Union Soyuz 25 (1977), Soyuz 32/34 (1979), Soyuz 35/37 (1980), Russia STS-91 (1998)

Sergei Ryzhikov — Russia Soyuz MS-02 (2016), Soyuz MS-16 (2020)

Aleksandr Samokutyayev — Russia Soyuz TMA-21 (2011), Soyuz TMA-14M (2014)

Gennadi Sarafanov (1942–2005) — Soviet Union Soyuz 15 (1974)

Viktor Savinykh — Soviet Union Soyuz T-4 (1981), Soyuz T-13/14 (1985)

Svetlana Savitskaya♀, first woman to walk in space. — Soviet Union Soyuz T-7/5 (1982), Soyuz T-12 (1984)

Aleksandr Serebrov (1944–2013) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-7/5 (1982), Soyuz T-8 (1983), Soyuz TM-8 (1989), Russia Soyuz TM-17 (1993)

Yelena Serova♀ — Russia Soyuz TMA-14M (2014)

Vitali Sevastyanov (1935–2010) — Soviet Union Soyuz 9 (1970), Soyuz 18 (1975)

Yuri Shargin, first Russian military cosmonaut — Russia Soyuz TMA-5/4 (2004)

Salizhan Sharipov* — Russia STS-89 (1998), Soyuz TMA-5 (2004)

Vladimir Shatalov* — Soviet Union Soyuz 4 (1969), Soyuz 8 (1969), Soyuz 10 (1971)

Klim Shipenko — Russia Soyuz MS-19 (2021)

Anton Shkaplerov — Russia Soyuz TMA-22 (2011), Soyuz TMA-15M (2014) & Soyuz MS-19 (2021)

Georgi Shonin* (1935–1997) — Soviet Union Soyuz 6 (1969)

Oleg Skripochka — Russia Soyuz TMA-01M (2010), Soyuz TMA-20M (2016)

Aleksandr Skvortsov — Russia Soyuz TMA-18 (2010)

Anatoly Solovyev* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-5/4 (1988), Soyuz TM-9 (1990), Russia Soyuz TM-15 (1992), STS-71/Soyuz TM-21 (1995), Soyuz TM-26 (1997)

Vladimir Solovyov — Soviet Union Soyuz T-10/11 (1984), Soyuz T-15 (1986)

Gennadi Strekalov (1940–2004) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-3 (1980), Soyuz T-8 (1983), Soyuz T-11/10 (1984), Soyuz TM-10 (1990), Russia Soyuz TM-21/STS-71 (1995)

Maksim Surayev — Russia Soyuz TMA-16 (2009), Soyuz TMA-13M (2014)

Yevgeni Tarelkin — Russia Soyuz TMA-06M (2012)

Valentina Tereshkova♀, first woman in space. — Soviet Union Vostok 6 (1963)

Gherman Titov (1935–2000), the second person to make a space flight and the first to stay up for a day. — Soviet Union Vostok 2 (1961)

Vladimir Titov — Soviet Union Soyuz T-8 (1983), Soyuz TM-4/6 (1987), Russia STS-63 (1995), STS-86 (1997)

Valeri Tokarev — Russia STS-96 (1999), Soyuz TMA-7 (2005)

Sergei Treshchov — Russia STS-111/113 (2002)

Vasili Tsibliyev* — Russia Soyuz TM-17 (1993), Soyuz TM-25 (1997)

Mikhail Tyurin — Russia STS-105/108 (2001), Soyuz TMA-9 (2006), Soyuz TMA-11M (2013)

Yuri Usachov — Russia Soyuz TM-18 (1994), Soyuz TM-23 (1996), STS-101 (2000), STS-102/STS-105 (2001)

Vladimir Vasyutin* (1952–2002) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-14 (1985)

Ivan Vagner Russia Soyuz MS-16 (2020)

Aleksandr Viktorenko* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-3/2 (1987), Soyuz TM-8 (1989), Russia Soyuz TM-14 (1992), Soyuz TM-20 (1994)

Pavel Vinogradov — Russia Soyuz TM-26 (1997), Soyuz TMA-8 (2006), Soyuz TMA-08M (2013)

Igor Volk* (1937–2017) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-12 (1984)

Alexander Volkov* — Soviet Union Soyuz T-14 (1985), Soyuz TM-7 (1988), Soviet Union/Russia Soyuz TM-13 (1991)

Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov* — Russia Soyuz TMA-12 (2008), Soyuz TMA-01M (2011), Soyuz TMA-18M (2015)

Vladislav Volkov (1935–1971), died on reentry. — Soviet Union Soyuz 7 (1969), Soyuz 11 (1971)

Boris Volynov — Soviet Union Soyuz 5 (1969), Soyuz 21 (1976)

Boris Yegorov (1937–1994) — Soviet Union Voskhod 1 (1964)

Aleksei Yeliseyev — Soviet Union Soyuz 5/4 (1969), Soyuz 8 (1969), Soyuz 10 (1971)

Fyodor Yurchikhin* — Russia STS-112 (2002), Soyuz TMA-10 (2007), Soyuz TMA-19 (2010), Soyuz TMA-09M (2013), Soyuz MS-04 (2017)

Sergei Zalyotin — Russia Soyuz TM-30 (2000), Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34 (2002)

Vitali Zholobov* — Soviet Union Soyuz 21 (1976)

Vyacheslav Zudov — Soviet Union Soyuz 23 (1976)

Soviet and Russian cosmonauts born outside Russia

All of the locations below were part of the former U.S.S.R. at the time of the cosmonauts' birth.

Azerbaidzhan S.S.R. / Azerbaijan

Musa Manarov, born in Baku, Azerbaijan Soviet Union

Byelorussian S.S.R. / Belarus

Pyotr Klimuk, born in Komarovka, Belarus Soviet Union

Vladimir Kovalyonok, born in Beloye, Belarus Soviet Union

Oleg Novitski, born in Chervyen', Belarus Russia

Georgian S.S.R. / Georgia

Fyodor Yurchikhin, born in Batumi, Georgia Russia

Kazakh S.S.R. / Kazakhstan

Toktar Aubakirov, born in Karaganda, Kazakhstan Soviet Union

Yuri Lonchakov, born in Balkhash, Kazakhstan Russia

Talgat Musabayev, born in Kargaly, Kazakhstan Russia

Viktor Patsayev, born in Aktyubinsk, Kazakhstan Soviet Union

Dmitry Petelin — born in Kustanai, Kazakhstan Russia

Vladimir Shatalov, born in Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan Soviet Union

Aleksandr Viktorenko, born in Olginka, Kazakhstan Soviet Union Russia

Kirghiz S.S.R. / Kyrgyzstan

Salizhan Sharipov, born in Uzgen, Kyrgyzstan Russia

Sergey Korsakov, born in Krunze, Kyrgyzstan Russia

Latvian S.S.R. / Latvia

Aleksandr Kaleri, born in Jūrmala, Latvia Russia

Anatoly Solovyev, born in Riga, Latvia Soviet Union Russia

Oleg Artemyev, born in Riga, Latvia Soviet Union Russia

Turkmen S.S.R. / Turkmenistan

Oleg Kononenko, born in Chardzhou, Turkmenistan Russia

Ukrainian S.S.R. / Ukraine

Anatoly Artsebarsky, born in Prosyana, Ukraine Soviet Union

Georgi Beregovoi, born in Federivka, Ukraine Soviet Union

Georgiy Dobrovolskiy, born in Odesa, Ukraine Soviet Union

Yuri Gidzenko, born in Yelanets, Ukraine Ukraine

Leonid Kizim, born in Krasnyi Lyman, Ukraine Soviet Union

Oleg Kotov, born in Simferopol, Ukraine Ukraine

Anatoli Levchenko, born in Krasnokutsk, Ukraine Soviet Union

Vladimir Lyakhov, born in Antratsyt, Ukraine Soviet Union

Yuri Malenchenko, born in Svitlovodsk, Ukraine Ukraine

Yuri Onufriyenko, born in Ryasne, Ukraine Ukraine

Leonid Popov, born in Oleksandriia, Ukraine Soviet Union

Pavel Popovich, born in Uzyn, Ukraine. Soviet Union

Georgi Shonin, born in Rovenky, Ukraine Soviet Union

Vasili Tsibliyev, born in Horikhivka, Ukraine Ukraine

Vladimir Vasyutin, born in Kharkiv, Ukraine Soviet Union

Igor Volk, born in Zmiiv, Ukraine Soviet Union

Aleksandr Volkov, born in Horlivka, Ukraine Soviet Union Ukraine

Sergei Aleksandrovich Volkov, born in Chuhuiv, Ukraine Ukraine

Vitali Zholobov, born in Zburyivka, Ukraine Soviet Union

Uzbek S.S.R. / Uzbekistan

Vladimir Dzhanibekov, born in Iskandar, Uzbekistan Soviet Union

Saudi Arabia

Sultan Salman Al Saud, first Saudi in space. — STS-51-G (1985)

Ali AlQarni — Axiom Mission 2 (2023)

Rayyanah Barnawi♀ — Axiom Mission 2 (2023)

Slovakia

Ivan Bella, first Slovak in space. — Soyuz TM-29/28 (1999)

South Africa

Mark Shuttleworth, second "space tourist" and first South African in space. — Soyuz TM-34/33 (2002)

South Korea

Yi So-yeon♀, Spaceflight participant, first South Korean in space — Soyuz TMA-12/11 (2008)

Syria

Muhammed Faris (Intercosmos), first Syrian in space. — Soyuz TM-3/2 (1987)

Ukraine

Leonid Kadeniuk, first Ukrainian in space since independence. — STS-87 (1997)

Note: Ukrainian cosmonauts Anatoly Artsebarsky, Georgi Beregovoi, Georgiy Dobrovolskiy, Leonid Kizim, Anatoli Levchenko, Vladimir Lyakhov, Leonid Popov, Pavel Popovich, Georgi Shonin, Vladimir Vasyutin, Igor Volk and Vitali Zholobov flew under the Soviet flag; Ukrainian astronaut born in the United States Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper flew under the American flag

United Arab Emirates

Hazza Al Mansouri, first Emirati in space. - Soyuz MS-15/MS-12 (2019)

Sultan Al Neyadi, first long duration Emirati in space. - SpaceX Crew-6 (2023)

United States

* Asterisked space travelers were born outside the United States

Joseph M. Acaba — STS-119 (2009), Soyuz TMA-04M (2012)

Loren Acton — STS-51-F (1985)

James C. Adamson — STS-28 (1989), STS-43 (1991)

Thomas Akers — STS-41 (1990), STS-49 (1992), STS-61 (1993), STS-79 (1996)

Buzz Aldrin, the second person to walk on the Moon — Gemini 12 (1966), Apollo 11 (1969)

Andrew M. Allen — STS-46 (1992), STS-62 (1994), STS-75 (1996)

Joseph P. Allen — STS-5 (1982), STS-51-A (1984)

Scott Altman — STS-90 (1998), STS-106 (2000), STS-109 (2002), STS-125 (2009)

William Anders* — Apollo 8 (1968)

Clayton Anderson — STS-117/120 (2007), STS-131 (2010)

Michael P. Anderson (1959–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-89 (1998), STS-107 (2003)

Anousheh Ansari♀*, fourth space tourist and first female space tourist — Soyuz TMA-9/8 (2006)

Dominic A. Antonelli — STS-119 (2009), STS-132 (2010)

Jerome Apt — STS-37 (1991), STS-47 (1992), STS-59 (1994), STS-79 (1996)

Hayley Arceneaux♀ - Inspiration4 (2021)

Lee Archambault — STS-117 (2007), STS-119 (2009)

Neil Armstrong (1930–2012), first person to walk on the Moon — Gemini 8 (1966), Apollo 11 (1969)

Richard R. Arnold — STS-119 (2009), Soyuz MS-08 (2018)

Jeffrey Ashby — STS-93 (1999), STS-100 (2001), STS-112 (2002)

Serena Auñón-Chancellor♀ - Soyuz MS-09 (2018)

James P. Bagian, first person of Armenian descent to have been in space[6] — STS-29 (1989), STS-40 (1991)

Ellen S. Baker♀ — STS-34 (1989), STS-50 (1992), STS-71 (1995)

Michael A. Baker — STS-43 (1991), STS-52 (1992), STS-68 (1994), STS-81 (1997)

Michael R. Barratt — Soyuz TMA-14 (2009), STS-133 (2011)

Kayla Barron♀ — SpaceX Crew-3 (2021)

Daniel T. Barry — STS-72 (1996), STS-96 (1999), STS-105 (2001)

John-David F. Bartoe — STS-51-F (1985)

Alan Bean — Apollo 12 (1969), Skylab 3 (1973)

Robert L. Behnken — STS-123 (2008), STS-130 (2010), Crew Dragon Demo-2 (2020)

John E. Blaha — STS-29 (1989), STS-33 (1989), STS-43 (1991), STS-58 (1993), STS-79 /81 (1996)

Michael J. Bloomfield — STS-86, STS-97 (2000), STS-110 (2002)

Guion Bluford, first African-American in space — STS-8 (1983), STS-61-A (1985), STS-39 (1991), STS-53 (1992)

Karol J. Bobko, first graduate of the United States Air Force Academy to become an astronaut — STS-6 (1983), STS-51-D (1985), STS-51-J (1985)

Eric A. Boe — STS-126 (2008), STS-133 (2011)

Charles Bolden — STS-61-C (1985), STS-31 (1990), STS-45 (1992), STS-60 (1994)

Frank Borman, commanded the first spaceflight to orbit the Moon — Gemini 7 (1965), Apollo 8 (1968)

Stephen G. Bowen — STS-126 (2008), STS-132 (2010), STS-133 (2011), SpaceX Crew-6 (2023)

Ken Bowersox — STS-50 (1992), STS-61 (1993), STS-73 (1995), STS-82 (1997), STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1 (2002)

Charles E. Brady, Jr. (1951–2006) — STS-78 (1996)

Vance D. Brand — Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, STS-5 (1982), STS-41-B (1984), STS-35 (1990)

Daniel Brandenstein — STS-8 (1983), STS-51-G (1985), STS-32 (1990), STS-49 (1992)

Randolph Bresnik — STS-129 (2009), Soyuz MS-05 (2017)

Roy D. Bridges, Jr. — STS-51-F (1985)

Curtis Brown — STS-47 (1992), STS-66 (1994), STS-77 (1996), STS-85 (1997), STS-95 (1998), STS-103 (1999)

David McDowell Brown (1956–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-107 (2003)

Mark N. Brown — STS-28 (1989), STS-48 (1991)

James Buchli — STS-51-C (1985), STS-61-A (1985), STS-29 (1989), STS-48 (1991)

Jay C. Buckey — STS-90 (1998)

Daniel C. Burbank — STS-106 (2000), STS-115 (2006), Soyuz TMA-22 (2011)

Daniel W. Bursch — STS-51 (1993), STS-68 (1994), STS-77 (1996), STS-108 (2001), STS-111 (2002)

Robert D. Cabana — STS-41 (1990), STS-53 (1992), STS-65 (1994), STS-88 (1998)

Charles Camarda — STS-114 (2005)

Kenneth D. Cameron — STS-37 (1991), STS-56 (1993), STS-74 (1995)

Duane G. Carey — STS-109 (2002)

Scott Carpenter (1925–2013) — Mercury 7 (1962)

Gerald P. Carr — Skylab 4 (1973)

Sonny Carter (1947–1991) — STS-33 (1989)

John Casper — STS-36 (1990), STS-54 (1993), STS-62 (1994), STS-77 (1996)

Josh A. Cassada — SpaceX Crew-5 (2022)

Christopher Cassidy — STS-127 (2009), Soyuz MS-16 (2020)

Robert J. Cenker — STS-61-C (1985)

Gene Cernan (1934–2017) — Gemini 9A (1966), Apollo 10 (1969), Apollo 17 (1972)

Gregory Chamitoff* — STS-124/126 (2008), STS-134 (2011)

Franklin Chang-Diaz* — STS-61-C (1985), STS-34 (1989), STS-46 (1992), STS-60 (1994), STS-75 (1996), STS-91 (1998), STS-111 (2002)

Raja Chari — SpaceX Crew-3 (2021)

Kalpana Chawla♀* (1961–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-87 (1997), STS-107 (2003)

Leroy Chiao — STS-65 (1994), STS-72 (1996), STS-92 (2000), Soyuz TMA-5 (2004)

Kevin P. Chilton — STS-49 (1992), STS-59 (1994), STS-76 (1996)

Laurel Clark♀ (1961–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-107 (2003)

Mary L. Cleave♀ — STS-61-B (1985), STS-30 (1989)

Michael R. Clifford — STS-53 (1992), STS-59 (1994), STS-76 (1996)

Michael Coats — STS-41-D (1984), STS-29 (1989), STS-39 (1991)

Kenneth Cockrell — STS-56 (1993), STS-69 (1995), STS-80 (1996), STS-98 (2001), STS-111 (2002)

Catherine Coleman♀ — STS-73 (1995), STS-93 (1999), Soyuz TMA-20 (2010)

Eileen Collins♀ — STS-63 (1995), STS-84 (1997), STS-93 (1999), STS-114 (2005)

Michael Collins* (1930–2021) — Gemini 10 (1966), Apollo 11 (1969)

Larry Connor, Axiom Mission 1 (2022)

Pete Conrad (1930–1999) — Gemini 5 (1965), Gemini 11 (1966), Apollo 12 (1969), Skylab 2 (1973)

Gordon Cooper (1927–2004), the first American to fly in space for a day and first person to go into orbit twice — Mercury 9 (1963), Gemini 5 (1965)

Richard O. Covey — STS-51-I (1985), STS-26 (1988), STS-38 (1990), STS-61 (1993)

Timothy Creamer — Soyuz TMA-17 (2009)

John Oliver Creighton — STS-51-G (1985), STS-36 (1990), STS-48 (1991)

Robert Crippen, flew on first Space Shuttle mission — STS-1 (1981), STS-7 (1983), STS-41-C (1984), STS-41-G (1984)

Roger K. Crouch — STS-83 (1997), STS-94 (1997)

Frank L. Culbertson, Jr. — STS-38 (1990), STS-51 (1993), STS-105/108 (2001)

Walter Cunningham — Apollo 7 (1968)

Robert Curbeam — STS-85 (1997), STS-98 (2001), STS-116 (2006)

Nancy Currie♀ — STS-57 (1993), STS-70 (1995), STS-88 (1998), STS-109 (2002)

Jan Davis♀ — STS-47 (1992), STS-60 (1994), STS-85 (1997)

Lawrence J. DeLucas — STS-50 (1992)

B. Alvin Drew — STS-118 (2007), STS-133 (2011)

Brian Duffy — STS-45 (1992), STS-57 (1993), STS-72 (1996), STS-92 (2000)

Charles Moss Duke, Jr. — Apollo 16 (1972)

Bonnie J. Dunbar♀ — STS-61-A (1985), STS-32 (1990), STS-50 (1992), STS-71 (1995), STS-89 (1998)

Samuel T. Durrance — STS-35 (1990), STS-67 (1995)

James Dutton — STS-131 (2010)

Tracy Caldwell Dyson♀ — STS-118 (2007), Soyuz TMA-18 (2010)

Joe F. Edwards, Jr. — STS-89 (1998)

Donn F. Eisele (1930–1987) — Apollo 7 (1968)

Anthony W. England — STS-51-F (1985)

Joseph Henry Engle — STS-2 (1981), STS-51-I (1985)

Ronald Evans (1933–1990) — Apollo 17 (1972)

John M. Fabian — STS-7 (1983), STS-51-G (1985)

Christopher Ferguson — STS-115 (2006), STS-126 (2008), STS-135 (2011)

Martin J. Fettman — STS-58 (1993)

Andrew J. Feustel — STS-125 (2009), STS-134 (2011) & Soyuz MS-08 (2018)

Michael Fincke — Soyuz TMA-4 (2004), Soyuz TMA-13 (2008), STS-134 (2011)

Jack D. Fischer — Soyuz MS-04 (2017)

Anna Lee Fisher♀ — STS-51-A (1984)

William Frederick Fisher — STS-51-I (1985)

Michael Foale* — STS-45 (1992), STS-56 (1993), STS-63 (1995), STS-84/86 (1997), STS-103 (1999), Soyuz TMA-3 (2003)

Kevin A. Ford — STS-128 (2009), Soyuz TMA-06M (2012)

Michael Foreman — STS-123 (2008), STS-129 (2009)

Patrick G. Forrester — STS-105 (2001), STS-117 (2007), STS-128 (2009)

Michael E. Fossum — STS-121 (2006), STS-124 (2008), Soyuz TMA-01M (2011)

Stephen Frick — STS-110 (2002), STS-122 (2008)

C. Gordon Fullerton (1936–2013) — STS-3 (1982), STS-51-F (1985)

F. Drew Gaffney — STS-40 (1991)

Ronald J. Garan, Jr. — STS-124 (2008), Soyuz TMA-21 (2011)

Dale Gardner — STS-8 (1983), STS-51-A (1984)

Guy Gardner — STS-27 (1988), STS-35 (1990)

Jake Garn, U. S. Senator at time of flight, first politician in space — STS-51-D (1985)

Owen K. Garriott — Skylab 3 (1973), STS-9 (1983)

Richard Garriott*, space tourist — Soyuz TMA-13 /12 (2008)

Charles D. Gemar — STS-38 (1990), STS-48 (1991), STS-62 (1994)

Michael L. Gernhardt — STS-69 (1995), STS-83 (1997), STS-94 (1997), STS-104 (2001)

Edward Gibson — Skylab 4 (1973)

Robert L. Gibson — STS-41-B (1984), STS-61-C (1985), STS-27 (1988), STS-47 (1992), STS-71 (1995)

John Glenn (1921–2016), first American in Earth orbit and U.S. Senator — Mercury 6 (1962), STS-95 (1998)

Victor J. Glover — SpaceX Crew-1 (2020)

Linda M. Godwin♀ — STS-37 (1991), STS-59 (1994), STS-76 (1996), STS-108 (2001)

Michael T. Good — STS-125 (2009), STS-132 (2010)

Richard F. Gordon, Jr. — Gemini 11 (1966), Apollo 12 (1969)

Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie — STS-91 (1998), STS-99 (2000), STS-108 (2001), STS-123 (2008)

Ronald J. Grabe — STS-51-J (1985), STS-30 (1989), STS-42 (1992), STS-57 (1993)

Frederick D. Gregory — STS-51-B (1985), STS-33 (1989), STS-44 (1991)

William G. Gregory — STS-67 (1995)

S. David Griggs (1939–1989) — STS-51-D (1985)

Gus Grissom (1926–1967) First person to go into space twice. — Gemini 3 (1965). Also flew suborbitally in Mercury 4 (1961). Died in the Apollo 1 (1967) (1967) launchpad fire

John M. Grunsfeld — STS-67 (1995), STS-81 (1997), STS-103 (1999), STS-109 (2002), STS-125 (2009)

Sidney M. Gutierrez — STS-40 (1991), STS-59 (1994)

Fred Haise — Apollo 13 (1970)

James D. Halsell — STS-65 (1994), STS-74 (1995), STS-83 (1997), STS-94 (1997), STS-101 (2000)

Kenneth Ham — STS-124 (2008), STS-132 (2010)

L. Blaine Hammond — STS-39 (1991), STS-64 (1994)

Gregory J. Harbaugh — STS-39 (1991), STS-54 (1993), STS-71 (1995), STS-82 (1997)

Bernard A. Harris, Jr., first African-American to walk in space. — STS-55 (1993), STS-63 (1995)

Terry Hart — STS-41-C (1984)

Henry Hartsfield — STS-4 (1982), STS-41-D (1984), STS-61-A (1985)

Frederick Hauck — STS-7 (1983), STS-51-A (1984), STS-26 (1988)

Steven Hawley — STS-41-D (1984), STS-61-C (1985), STS-31 (1990), STS-82 (1997), STS-93 (1999)

Mark T. Vande Hei — Soyuz MS-06 (2017), Soyuz MS-18 (2021)

Susan J. Helms♀ — STS-54 (1993), STS-64 (1994), STS-78 (1996), STS-101 (2000), STS-102/105 (2001)

Karl Gordon Henize (1926–1993) — STS-51-F (1985)

Thomas J. Hennen — STS-44 (1991)

Terence T. Henricks — STS-44 (1991), STS-55 (1993), STS-70 (1995), STS-78 (1996)

José M. Hernández — STS-128 (2009)

John Herrington, first Native American in space. — STS-113 (2002)

Richard Hieb — STS-39 (1991), STS-49 (1992), STS-65 (1994)

Joan Higginbotham♀ — STS-116 (2006)

David C. Hilmers — STS-51-J (1985), STS-26 (1988), STS-36 (1990), STS-42 (1992)

Robert Hines —SpaceX Crew-4 (2022)

Kathryn P. Hire♀ — STS-90 (1998), STS-130 (2010)

Charles O. Hobaugh — STS-104 (2001), STS-108 (2001), STS-129 (2009)

Jeffrey A. Hoffman — STS-51-D (1985), STS-35 (1990), STS-46 (1992), STS-61 (1993), STS-75 (1996)

Warren Hoburg — SpaceX Crew-6 (2023)

Michael S. Hopkins — Soyuz TMA-10M (2013), SpaceX Crew-1 (2020)

Scott J. Horowitz — STS-75 (1996), STS-82 (1997), STS-101 (2000), STS-105 (2001)

Millie Hughes-Fulford♀, first female Payload Specialist — STS-40 (1991)

Douglas G. Hurley — STS-127 (2009), STS-135 (2011), Crew Dragon Demo-2 (2020)

Rick Husband (1957–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-96 (1999), STS-107 (2003)

James Irwin (1930–1991) — Apollo 15 (1971)

Jared Isaacman - Inspiration4 (2021)

Marsha Ivins♀ — STS-32 (1990), STS-46 (1992), STS-62 (1994), STS-81 (1997), STS-98 (2001)

Mae Jemison♀, first African-American woman in space — STS-47 (1992)

Tamara E. Jernigan♀ — STS-40 (1991), STS-52 (1992), STS-67 (1995), STS-80 (1996), STS-96 (1999)

Brent W. Jett, Jr. — STS-72 (1996), STS-81 (1997), STS-97 (2000), STS-115 (2006)

Gregory C. Johnson — STS-125 (2009)

Gregory H. Johnson* — STS-123 (2008), STS-134 (2011)

Thomas David Jones — STS-59 (1994), STS-68 (1994), STS-80 (1996), STS-98 (2001)

Janet L. Kavandi♀ — STS-91 (1998), STS-99 (2000), STS-104 (2001)

James M. Kelly — STS-102 (2001), STS-114 (2005)

Mark E. Kelly — STS-108 (2001), STS-121 (2006), STS-124 (2008), STS-134 (2011). Twin brother of Scott J. Kelly.

Scott J. Kelly — STS-103 (1999), STS-118 (2007), Soyuz TMA-01M (2010), Soyuz TMA-16M (2015). Twin brother of Mark Kelly.

Joseph P. Kerwin — Skylab 2 (1973)

R. Shane Kimbrough — STS-126 (2008), Soyuz MS-02 (2016), SpaceX Crew-2 (2021)

Timothy L. Kopra — STS-127 /128 (2009), Soyuz TMA-19M (2015)

Kevin R. Kregel — STS-70 (1995), STS-78 (1996), STS-87 (1997), STS-99 (2000)

Wendy B. Lawrence♀ — STS-67 (1995), STS-86, STS-91 (1998), STS-114 (2005)

Mark C. Lee — STS-30 (1989), STS-47 (1992), STS-64 (1994), STS-82 (1997)

David Leestma — STS-41-G (1984), STS-28 (1989), STS-45 (1992)

William B. Lenoir (1939–2010) — STS-5 (1982)

Frederick W. Leslie* — STS-73 (1995)

Byron Lichtenberg, first NASA Payload Specialist. — STS-9 (1983), STS-45 (1992)

Don L. Lind — STS-51-B (1985)

Kjell N. Lindgren* — Soyuz TMA-17M (2015), SpaceX Crew-4 (2022)

Steven W. Lindsey — STS-87 (1997), STS-95 (1998), STS-104 (2001), STS-121 (2006), STS-133 (2011), SpaceX Crew-4 (2022)

Jerry M. Linenger — STS-64 (1994), STS-81/84 (1997)

Richard M. Linnehan — STS-78 (1996), STS-90, STS-109 (2002), STS-123 (2008)

Gregory Linteris — STS-83 (1997), STS-94 (1997)

Paul Lockhart — STS-111 (2002), STS-113 (2002)

Michael Lopez-Alegria* — STS-73 (1995), STS-92 (2000), STS-113 (2002), Soyuz TMA-9 (2006) Axiom Mission 1 (2022)

John M. Lounge — STS-51-I (1985), STS-26 (1988), STS-35 (1990)

Jack R. Lousma — Skylab 3 (1973), STS-3 (1982)

Stanley G. Love — STS-122 (2008)

Jim Lovell — Gemini 7 (1965), Gemini 12 (1966), Apollo 8 (1968), Apollo 13 (1970)

G. David Low (1956–2008) — STS-32 (1990), STS-43 (1991), STS-57 (1993)

Ed Lu — STS-84 (1997), STS-106 (2000), Soyuz TMA-1 (2003)

Shannon Lucid♀* — STS-51-G (1985), STS-34 (1989), STS-43 (1991), STS-58 (1993), STS-76/79 (1996)

Sandra Magnus♀ — STS-112 (2002), STS-126 /119 (2008), STS-135 (2011)

Nicole Aunapu Mann♀ — SpaceX Crew-5 (2022)

Thomas Marshburn — STS-127 (2009), Soyuz TMA-07M (2012), SpaceX Crew-3 (2021)

Michael Massimino — STS-109 (2002), STS-125 (2009)

Richard Mastracchio — STS-106 (2000), STS-118 (2007), STS-131 (2010), Soyuz TMA-11M (2013)

Ken Mattingly — Apollo 16 (1972), STS-4 (1982), STS-51-C (1985)

K. Megan McArthur♀ — STS-125 (2009), SpaceX Crew-2 (2021)

William S. McArthur — STS-58 (1993), STS-74 (1995), STS-92 (2000), Soyuz TMA-7 (2005)

Jon McBride — STS-41-G (1984)

Bruce McCandless II (1937–2017) — STS-41-B (1984), STS-31 (1990)

William C. McCool (1961–2003), died on the Columbia — STS-107 (203)

Anne McClain — Soyuz MS-11 (2018)

Michael J. McCulley — STS-34 (1989)

James McDivitt — Gemini 4 (1965), Apollo 9 (1969)

Donald R. McMonagle — STS-39 (1991), STS-54 (1993), STS-66 (1994)

Ronald McNair (1950–1986), died on the Challenger — STS-41-B (1984)

Carl J. Meade — STS-38 (1990), STS-50 (1992), STS-64 (1994)

Jessica Meir — Soyuz MS-15 (2019)

Bruce E. Melnick — STS-41 (1990), STS-49 (1992)

Pamela Melroy♀ — STS-92 (2000), STS-112 (2002), STS-120 (2007)

Leland D. Melvin — STS-122 (2008), STS-129 (2009)

Dorothy M. Metcalf-Lindenburger♀ — STS-131 (2010)

Edgar Mitchell (1930–2016) — Apollo 14 (1971)

Barbara Morgan♀ — STS-118 (2007)

Lee M.E. Morin — STS-110 (2002)

Richard Mullane — STS-41-D (1984), STS-27 (1988), STS-36 (1990)

Story Musgrave — STS-6 (1983), STS-51-F (1985), STS-33 (1989), STS-44 (1991), STS-61 (1993), STS-80 (1996)

Steven R. Nagel — STS-51-G (1985), STS-61-A (1985), STS-37 (1991), STS-55 (1993)

George Nelson — STS-41-C (1984), STS-61-C (1985), STS-26 (1988)

Bill Nelson — STS-61-C (1985)

James H. Newman* — STS-51 (1993), STS-69 (1995), STS-88 (1998), STS-109 (2002)

Carlos I. Noriega* — STS-84 (1997), STS-97 (2000)

Lisa Nowak♀ — STS-121 (2006)

Karen L. Nyberg♀ — STS-124 (2008), Soyuz TMA-09M (2013)

Bryan D. O'Connor — STS-61-B (1985), STS-40 (1991)

Ellen Ochoa♀, first Hispanic woman in space — STS-56 (1993), STS-66 (1994), STS-96 (1999), STS-110 (2002)

William Oefelein — STS-116 (2006)

John D. Olivas — STS-117 (2007), STS-128 (2009)

Gregory Olsen, third space tourist — Soyuz TMA-7/6 (2005)

Ellison Onizuka (1946–1986), died on the Challenger — STS-51-C (1985)

Stephen S. Oswald — STS-42 (1992), STS-56 (1993), STS-67 (1995)

Robert F. Overmyer (1936–1996) — STS-5 (1982), STS-51-B (1985)

William Pailes — STS-51-J (1985)

Scott E. Parazynski — STS-66 (1994), STS-86 (1997), STS-95 (1998), STS-100 (2001), STS-120 (2007)

Ronald A. Parise (1951–2008) — STS-35 (1990), STS-67 (1995)

Robert A. Parker — STS-9 (1983), STS-35 (1990)

Nicholas Patrick* — STS-116 (2006), STS-130 (2010)

James Pawelczyk — STS-90 (1998)

Gary Payton — STS-51-C (1985)

Donald H. Peterson — STS-6 (1983)

Donald Pettit — STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1 (2002), STS-126 (2008), Soyuz TMA-03M (2011)

John L. Phillips — STS-100 (2001), Soyuz TMA-6 (2005), STS-119 (2009)

William R. Pogue — Skylab 4 (1973)

Alan G. Poindexter (1961–2012) — STS-122 (2008), STS-131 (2010)

Mark L. Polansky — STS-98 (2001), STS-116 (2006), STS-127 (2009)

Charles J. Precourt — STS-55 (1993), STS-71 (1995), STS-84 (1997), STS-91 (1998)

Sian Proctor♀ - Inspiration4 (2021)

William F. Readdy — STS-42 (1992), STS-51 (1993), STS-79 (1996)

Kenneth S. Reightler, Jr. — STS-48 (1991), STS-60 (1994)

James F. Reilly — STS-89 (1998), STS-104 (2001), STS-117 (2007)

Garrett Reisman — STS-123/124 (2008), STS-132 (2010)

Judith Resnik♀ (1949–1986), died on the Challenger — STS-41-D (1984)

Paul W. Richards — STS-102 (2001)

Richard N. Richards — STS-28 (1989), STS-41 (1990), STS-50 (1992), STS-64 (1994)

Sally Ride♀ (1951–2012), first American woman in space — STS-7 (1983), STS-41-G (1984)

Stephen Robinson — STS-85 (1997), STS-95 (1998), STS-114 (2005), STS-130 (2010)

Kent Rominger — STS-73 (1995), STS-80 (1996), STS-85 (1997), STS-96 (1999), STS-100 (2001)

Stuart Roosa (1933–1994) — Apollo 14 (1971)

Jerry L. Ross — STS-61-B (1985), STS-27 (1988), STS-37 (1991), STS-55 (1993), STS-74 (1995), STS-88 (1998), STS-110 (2002)

Kathleen Rubins♀ — Soyuz MS-01 (2016)

Francisco Rubio — Soyuz MS-22 (2022)

Mario Runco, Jr. — STS-44 (1991), STS-54 (1993), STS-77 (1996)

Albert Sacco — STS-73 (1995)

Robert Satcher‚ STS-129 (2009)

Wally Schirra (1923–2007) — Mercury 8 (1962), Gemini 6A (1965), Apollo 7 (1968)

Harrison Schmitt (The last, 12th man, who arrived and set foot on the Moon)— Apollo 17 (1972)

Rusty Schweickart — Apollo 9 (1969)

Dick Scobee (1939–1986), died on the Challenger — STS-41-C (1984)

David Scott — Gemini 8 (1966), Apollo 9 (1969), Apollo 15 (1971)

Winston E. Scott — STS-72 (1996), STS-87 (1997)

Paul D. Scully-Power* — STS-41-G (1984)

Richard A. Searfoss — STS-58 (1993), STS-76 (1996), STS-90 (1998)

Margaret Rhea Seddon♀ — STS-51-D (1985), STS-40 (1991), STS-58 (1993)

Ronald Sega — STS-60 (1994), STS-76 (1996)

Piers Sellers* (1955–2016) — STS-112 (2002), STS-121 (2006), STS-132 (2010)

Christopher Sembroski - Inspiration4 (2021)

Brewster H. Shaw — STS-9 (1983), STS-61-B (1985), STS-28 (1989)

Alan Shepard (1923–1998), first American in space — Apollo 14 (1971). Also flew suborbitally in Mercury 3 (1961).

William Shepherd — STS-27 (1988), STS-41 (1990), STS-52 (1992), Soyuz TM-31 /STS-102 (2001)

Nancy Sherlock♀ – see Nancy Currie

John Shoffner — Axiom Mission 2 (2023)

Loren Shriver — STS-51-C (1985), STS-31 (1990), STS-46 (1992)

Charles Simonyi*, fifth space tourist — Soyuz TMA-10/9 (2007), Soyuz TMA-14/13 (2009)

Deke Slayton (1924–1993) — Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (1975)

Steven Smith — STS-68 (1994), STS-82 (1997), STS-103 (1999), STS-110 (2002)

Sherwood C. Spring — STS-61-B (1985)

Robert C. Springer — STS-29 (1989), STS-38 (1990)

Thomas Patten Stafford — Gemini 6A (1965), Gemini 9A (1966), Apollo 10 (1969), Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (1975)

Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper♀ — STS-115 (2006), STS-126 (2008)

Robert L. Stewart — STS-41-B (1984), STS-51-J (1985)

Susan Still♀ — STS-83 (1997), STS-94 (1997)

Nicole P. Stott♀ — STS-128/129 (2009), STS-133 (2011)

Frederick Sturckow — STS-88 (1998), STS-105 (2001), STS-117 (2007), STS-128 (2009)

Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan♀, first American woman to walk in space — STS-41-G (1984), STS-31 (1990), STS-45 (1992)

Steven Swanson — STS-117 (2007), STS-119 (2009)

John "Jack" Swigert (1931–1982) — Apollo 13 (1970)

Daniel Tani — STS-108 (2001), STS-120/122 (2007)

Joseph R. Tanner — STS-66 (1994), STS-82 (1997), STS-97 (2000), STS-115 (2006)

Norman Thagard — STS-7 (1983), STS-51-B (1985), STS-30 (1989), STS-42 (1992), Soyuz TM-21/STS-71 (1995)

Andy Thomas* — STS-77 (1996), STS-89 (1998), STS-91 (1998), STS-102 (2001), STS-114 (2005)

Donald A. Thomas — STS-65 (1994), STS-70 (1995), STS-83 (1997), STS-94 (1997)

Kathryn C. Thornton♀, first woman to make multiple EVAs — STS-33 (1989), STS-49 (1992), STS-61 (1993), STS-73 (1995)

William E. Thornton — STS-8 (1983), STS-51-B (1985)

Pierre Thuot — STS-36 (1990), STS-49 (1992), STS-62 (1994)

Scott D. Tingle — Soyuz MS-07 (2017)

Dennis Tito, first space tourist — Soyuz TM-32/31 (2001)

Eugene Trinh* — STS-50 (1992)

Richard H. Truly — STS-2 (1981), STS-8 4 (1983)

Lodewijk van den Berg* — STS-51-B (1985)

James van Hoften — STS-41-C (1984), STS-51-I (1985)

Charles Veach (1944–1995) — STS-39 (1991), STS-52 (1992)

Terry Virts — STS-130 (2010), Soyuz TMA-15M (2014)

James S. Voss — STS-44 (1991), STS-53 (1992), STS-69 (1995), STS-101 (2000), STS-102/105 (2001)

Janice E. Voss♀ (1956–2012) — STS-57 (1993), STS-63 (1995), STS-83 (1997), STS-94 (1997), STS-99 (2000)

Rex J. Walheim — STS-110 (2002), STS-122 (2008), STS-135 (2011)

Charles Walker — STS-41-D (1984), STS-51-D (1985), STS-61-B (1985)

David M. Walker (1944–2001) — STS-51-A (1984), STS-30 (1989), STS-53 (1992), STS-69 (1995)

Shannon Walker♀ — Soyuz TMA-19 (2010), SpaceX Crew-1 (2020)

Carl Walz — STS-51 (1993), STS-65 (1994), STS-79 (1996), STS-108/111 (2001)

Taylor Wang* — STS-51-B (1985)

Mary E. Weber♀ — STS-70 (1995), STS-101 (2000)

Jessica Watkins♀ — SpaceX Crew-4 (2022)

Paul J. Weitz — Skylab 2, STS-6 (1983)

Jim Wetherbee — STS-32 (1990), STS-52 (1992), STS-63 (1995), STS-86, STS-102 (2001), STS-113 (2002)

Douglas H. Wheelock — STS-120 (2007), Soyuz TMA-19 (2010)

Ed White (1930–1967), first American to perform an EVA. Died in the Apollo 1 (1967) (1967) disaster — Gemini 4 (1965)

Peggy Whitson♀, holds the American record for time spent in space — STS-111/113 (2002), Soyuz TMA-11 (2007), Soyuz MS-03/MS-04 (2016), Axiom Mission 2 (2023)

Terrence Wilcutt — STS-68 (1994), STS-79 (1996), STS-89 (1998), STS-106 (2000)

Donald Williams — STS-51-D (1985), STS-34 (1989)

Jeffrey Williams — STS-101 (2000), Soyuz TMA-8 (2006), Soyuz TMA-16 (2009), Soyuz TMA-20M (2016)

Sunita Williams♀, holder of the women's spacewalk record — STS-116/117 (2006), Soyuz TMA-05M (2012)

Barry E. Wilmore — STS-129 (2009), Soyuz TMA-14M (2014)

Stephanie Wilson♀ — STS-121 (2006), STS-120 (2007), STS-131 (2010)

Gregory R. Wiseman — Soyuz TMA-13M (2014)

Peter Wisoff — STS-57 (1993), STS-68 (1994), STS-81 (1997), STS-92 (2000)

David Wolf — STS-58 (1993), STS-86/89, STS-112 (2002), STS-127 (2009)

Alfred Worden — Apollo 15 (1971)

John Young (1930–2018) — Gemini 3 (1965), Gemini 10 (1966), Apollo 10 (1969), Apollo 16 (1972), STS-1 (1981), STS-9 (1983)

George D. Zamka — STS-120 (2007), STS-130 (2010)

Americans born abroad

William Anders, born in Hong Kong to American parents.

Canada Gregory Chamitoff, born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Italy Michael Collins, born in Rome, Italy to American parents.

United Kingdom Richard Garriott, born in Cambridge, England.

United Kingdom Gregory H. Johnson, born in South Ruislip, England.

Panama Frederick W. Leslie, born in Ancón, Panama Canal Zone (now Panama).

Taiwan Kjell N. Lindgren, born in Taipei, Taiwan.

China Shannon Lucid♀, born in Shanghai, China (then under Japanese rule) to American parents.

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands James H. Newman, born in the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (now Micronesia).

Naturalized Americans

Iran Anousheh Ansari♀, born in Mashhad, Iran. First Iranian-American in space. Fourth space tourist and first female space tourist.

Costa Rica Franklin Chang-Diaz, born in San José, Costa Rica. First Costa Rican-American in space.

India Kalpana Chawla♀, born in Karnal, India. First Indian-American in space.

United Kingdom Michael Foale, born in Louth, England, dual British and American citizen.

Spain Michael Lopez-Alegria, born in Madrid, Spain.

Peru Carlos I. Noriega, born in Lima, Peru. First Peruvian-born person in space.

United Kingdom Nicholas Patrick, born in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, England, dual UK-US citizen.

Australia Paul Scully-Power, born in Sydney, Australia.

United Kingdom Piers Sellers, born in Crowborough, England, dual UK-US citizen.

Hungary Charles Simonyi, born in Budapest, Hungary. Fifth space tourist.

Australia Andrew Thomas, born in Adelaide, Australia.

South Vietnam Eugene Trinh, born in Saigon, State of Vietnam (now Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). First Vietnamese-American in space.

Netherlands Lodewijk van den Berg, born in Sluiskil, the Netherlands.

China Taylor Wang, born in Shanghai, China. First Chinese American in space.

Vietnam

Phạm Tuân (Intercosmos), first Vietnamese and first Asian in space. — Soyuz 37 (1980)/36 (1980)